Processing technology of jadeite raw stone

As the saying goes, jade cannot be made into a useful object without being carved. Jade is known as the king of jade because of its high hardness, high specific gravity, rich colors mainly emerald green, jadeite and purple, and the fact that its raw materials (especially high-grade materials) are very rare and precious. Therefore, its processing procedures, processing materials, processing tools and processing equipment are different from those of other jades. The jadeite processing flow and procedures are introduced as follows:

1. Material selection: This is an important starting point. Jadeite jade materials generally have skin. It is the only jade with skin in the world, so it is also called gambling stone or gambling goods, which is something other jades do not have. Therefore, the key to material selection is the processing purpose, to make ornaments? Device? bracelet? Pendant? Rings or ring faces, etc. The characteristics of the raw materials are closely related to the processing purpose. If the choice is not good, not only will the raw materials be wasted, but the processing will also result in a loss.

2. Cutting: This is also a key step. Some people are eager to gamble on the stone and often cut it with one cut. Not only may the jade be cut off (because good jade is often thinner), it may also fail to make an overall carved artwork, thus losing its original value. The normal procedure is to first wipe the skin and look at the surface characteristics of the jade, such as the direction of the emerald color, the development and direction of cracks, colors such as jadeite and purple, the distribution of black, analysis and estimation of changes in the water quality inside and outside, and the appearance of the original stone. Secondly, it is determined based on the overall condition of the original stone and its possible processing purposes. Then, decide whether to make the carving using the entire raw material or cut it into pieces.

3. Purpose positioning and design:

1. When making small items: consider the purpose and yield rate. Such as round carvings and bracelets.

2. When making small carvings, such as jade pendants and waist plaques, one needs to consider what pattern to make, which not only utilizes the advantages of the raw materials but also meets the requirements of the carving pattern. Otherwise, waste products may be easily produced.

3. Making ornaments: The selection of the theme pattern is closely related to the characteristics of the raw materials and is a very critical and primary link. If you are designing a figure, the key is to see whether the original stone has impurities, or to choose a cleaner part for the figure's face. You also need to consider factors such as whether the original stone is large enough to be used in proportion to the figure. Perfect jade articles are all jade works of art that have been creatively designed and meticulously crafted. The principle of carving design is to maximize the value of the original stone based on its color, type, water, shape, cracks, black color, and jade quality. General carving patterns: figures, mountains, auspicious patterns, animals, and flowers have different requirements for raw materials. The main pattern of the carving and the matching supporting pattern are principled and proportional, rather than a simple accumulation of patterns.

4. Processing process:

1. Cutting:

1. Small pieces: Cut into sizes of different uses and specifications in steps, and change the processing purpose of the pieces that cannot be used or do not meet the specifications to make full use of them.

2. Ornaments: Cut into rough pieces according to the design requirements.

Guillotine: Use a diamond grinding wheel (coarse sand) to further remove useless parts to form a rough blank.

Chisel: Use a diamond (medium grit) grinding wheel to further remove the uneven parts and useless parts of the entire surface.

Punching: Use a diamond grinding wheel or round stone to further punch the rough blank from the previous process into a rough blank.

Grinding: Use grinding wheels of various specifications to grind out patterns of round sculptures, such as fruits, rocks, and tree roots.

2. Carving

1. Rolling: Use a fine rolling mill to carve out the shapes of patterns such as figures, animals, landscapes and flowers. Such as faces, animal bodies, roots, stems and leaves of trees and flowers.

2. Hook: Use a hook or various shapes of nails to hook out fine patterns, such as human hair, beard, phoenix hair, animal hair, scales and plant leaf patterns.

3. Polishing: Generally, large and powerful factories have this process, which uses special tools and materials to smooth out the excess marks and sand holes from the previous carving process, laying a good foundation for the next grinding and polishing process.

Main categories:

China is an ancient country with a civilization history of more than 7,000 years, so jade processing also has a history of 7,000 years. Throughout the history of jade carving, our ancestors created very advanced tools and jade carving methods. We briefly introduce some of the most commonly used jade carving methods as follows:

1. Relief: refers to convex carving, which includes shallow relief, deep relief, and colorful carving. Such as: happiness, wealth, longevity, and good fortune, etc.

2. Openwork carving refers to hollow carving, which includes cross hollow carving, circular hollow carving, decorative hollow carving, etc. Such as: the lower limbs of animals and tree branches.

3. Hollow carving refers to hollowing out jade without letting it see through. There are deep hollowing (such as vases, pen holders, etc.) and shallow hollowing (such as pen washers, ashtrays, etc.).

4. Line carving: refers to line engraving and silk carving, such as: people's hair, animal hair and water waves, etc.

5. Yin carving: refers to a carving method of concave parts, such as Yin and Yang Bagua.

6. Round carving: refers to arc-shaped carvings, such as teapots, teacups and spherical jade pieces.

(III) Grinding and polishing process:

1. Sanding:

1) Manual grinding: It is semi-mechanized, and is done manually through a grinder, using various diamond grinding wheel tools, from coarse grinding to fine grinding, and from fine grinding to matte.

2) Machine grinding: It is fully mechanized, using a vibration machine to use diamond sand to complete the processes from coarse grinding to fine grinding and precision grinding. Generally, it takes 3 to 4 days to polish a small round-carved jade piece.

2. polishing:

1) Manual polishing: Manual polishing is done through a polishing machine using various polishing tools and polishing materials to create a bright finish.

2) Machine polishing: Vibrating machine plus polishing materials. Generally, it takes 2 to 3 days to complete a small round-carved jade piece. Manual grinding and polishing generally takes longer and is more costly than automatic machine grinding and polishing, but the effect is also better, retaining the three-dimensional and carved style of the carved patterns.

(IV) Decoration:

1. Decoration of ornaments: The base is the most important decoration of ornaments. There are many materials and styles of bases for ornaments. A good match can enhance the artistic value.

2. Packaging: It is the last link. A beautiful jade product needs good packaging including inner packaging and outer packaging. The matching packaging not only has the decorative and high-end effect, but also has the functions of protection and transportation.

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